Nobody

於江都藤原清人造之 – At Koto (Edo), Fujiwara Kiyondo made this 慶應二年二月十一日 於千住大(太)々土壇拂 後藤平作 – Keio 2nd year 2nd month 11th day (Feb. 11, 1866), at Senju, cut taitai through to the ground (by) Goto Heisaku

There is no 橘 (Tachibana) in the mei.

That is an honorable certificate from Army Infantry Major Tahara San’nosuke to an infantry Noma Shimakichi for his excellent result in basic shooting.

Ref.

Yesterday, I met my old friend and his wife. His wife is a calligrapher, so I asked her if she could read the characters on the habaki, especially the 5th character which I was still unsure. Though she was not 100 % sure, her guess was 励 (rei/hagemashi). In that case the reading might be 義理公之励賜 – Yoshisato/Yoshitada ko no hagemashi o tamawaru.

First two kanji 柳川 (Yanagawa) is a city name. Ref. Yanagawa, Fukuoka - Wikipedia

This is an old (about 30 years ago) and rather long video. You can see the carving procedures and the blade conditions.

I do not know. But I believe that it was carved long before I was born.

Matsukawa-hada is also a characteristic of Kiyomitsu of Sue-Bizen.

Retouched image

Maybe, 𣆶翠軒 - Bansuiken 𣆶(晩)翠 means evergreen in winter.

兼守 - Kanemori

The first line is "第六八一号 (681st)". The last character on the paper is an informal variant of 号 (go), which is a counter word in this case.

昭和癸未秋 - Showa Mizunoto-Hitsuji aki (Autumn in 1943)

If I take a shot in the dark, the second one might be 備中國住直次 - Bitchu (no) kuni ju Naotsugu.

Maybe 兼升 - Kanemasu.

I think that the point of the question is the place of “ju” rather than Bishu or Bizen. As “Bizen (no) kuni Osafune (備前國長舩)” is a place name, it may be natural to write Bizen (no) kuni Osafune ju (備前國長舩住) before a smith name. Oei Bizen or before Oei Bizen blades usually have such a mei. And after shinto Bizen blades also have the mei style. However, Sue-Bizen blades have Bizen (no) kuni ju Osafune (備前國住長舩) style before a smith name. I do not know its exact reason. As Chris W said in this thread, the context might emphasize “I am from Bize Prov and the Osafune group or school”.

六ッ花形赤銅魚子地 – mutsubana(rikka)-gata, shakudo, nanako-ji, 高彫色絵名鐔也 – takabori, iroe, meitan(excellent tsuba) nari, 無銘古美濃　室町中期 – mumei, ko-Mino, Muromachi chuki, 昭和丗九年初冬 – Showa 39th year, early winter, 寒山誌 – Kanzan wrote.

I am a little unsure about the first kanji of the mei, but may be 昭壽 – Akitoshi 昭和十九年一月 – Showa 19th year, 1st month (Jan. 1944)

日本刀 短刀　備州長船住祐忠作　明治三年二月日｜日本刀 刀剣販売 e-sword

祐忠 - Suketada That is not a Gunto.

備前住正光 - Bizen ju Masamitsu

I guessed the last kanji. 於濃州金花山麓長良川邊藤原新古清長 At Noshu, the foot of Mt. Kinka, a riverside of Nagara River, Fujiwara Shinko Kiyonaga

The mei was not carved with a chisel. The shape and finish of the nakago look strange. There was an appraiser with the same name “Okochi Tsunehira” in around 1925. He also made swords. You can see his mei on the linked page. Ref. －　以正宗伝大河内常平花押 大正乙丑二月九日（大正14年） Okouchi Tsunehira　－　日本刀の通信販売　明倫産業株式会社 (nipponto.co.jp)

I am afraid that the katana may be a fake.