Robert S

Hmm... that may make creating new koshirae interesting, given that we may not be able to import ray skin now. I have experience with CITES on the wood front. For instance, export and import of cocobolo is not permitted, unless it is plantation grown. But I don't suppose anyone is farming rays :-). I wonder how rapidly this will impact the ability to import most nihonto with koshirae, or if there is an exception for articles more than a certain number of years old. I know that for ivory there are no exceptions of any sort. I have ivory articles that have been in the family for more than 100 years, and they are now completely unsellable.

I've also noted that sometimes dealers who have a sword in this situation go back to the NBTHK and ask what generation the attribution was for, and the NBTHK has some comment to make on that - presumably from notes associated with the shinsa process. Might be worthwhile reaching out to them to see if there is more that they can say!

Some context around the prevalence of radioactive elements : I had my well tested last year, and they found Uranium in the water. Had me a bit worried until I got some context : The level of Uranium was an order of magnitude less than that found in your average bottled water! After that, I relaxed. Given that older Japanese iron may have been made from iron sands, it would not be at all surprising to find some radioactive elements in the mix... not to mention small amounts of gold :-).

You should probably put this post in the translation section, not here.

Lovely work, and very much in the style that I like. Well done!

It does not appear to be acid etched, but the polish is relatively crude.

The best comment I saw on that video was "Blink twice if you're being held hostage." The presenters had not expression what-so-ever, but certainly managed to mix in a reasonable proportion of misinformation, just to keep "up" standards.

I have a collection like that too, Jean, except mine are mostly western, not Japanese. Bought a huge assortment as a lot from a roadside antique dealer in Wisconsin about 10 years ago - it was something like $60 for the lot - steal of a deal!

I'm at the extreme other end of that spectrum. I love sharpening! And so of course have the most complicated sharpening system possible... diamond, ceramic, artificial stone, natural stone... Robert

Or with those names, going from TokuHo to Juyo simply wouldn't provide any increase in value. In cases like these I suspect the value's in the name, not the paper.

I for one am extremely glad that this group insists on real names. Keeps the discussion real. Back to the topic, I found the discussion in the Kitamura et.al paper (Control of Slag and Inclusions...) that Brian linked extremely interesting. I had always assumed, due to the temperatures involved, that tamahagane accumulated by a sintering process. However, that paper indicates that that was probably only true prior to the 17th century. From the 17th century onwards, the paper posits that much or most of the tamahagane was created by crystalization from molten pig iron. This would imply that there ,may have been a meaningful change in the nature of the steel, broadly associated with the Shinto period. It also raises the question of inclusions versus alloying that Jean raised earlier.

Not at all. The first step is to appropriately oil it to stop red rust, which is eating the blade, and convert it to black iron oxide, which can be stable As you're rubbing the oil in repeatedly over months with a soft cloth, any dirt, loose flakes and scale will likely come off, leaving you with a blade which is stable and clean, and can be preserved without further deterioration. There will still be pitting if the previous corrosion was serious, as it appears to have been in this case. That's the point where a togishi steps in, when you can afford it. The issue is both maintaining the shape, as discussed above, but also that repolishing to remove pitting is a very precise craft - it's easy to remove too much metal, or to end up with a slightly undulating surface. I have a blade in my possession which was treated with sandpaper (by someone in Japan!) - probably even a power sander. It was already a tired blade, and post sanding it's close to unrecoverable .

The battling attributions are interesting. Beyond my knowledge level to understand exactly what characteristics led to that difference.

That second, "wave" tsuba is exquisite.

Yes. It looks like cheek pieces have also been fitted to that Habaki to make it fit a Saya that doesn't originally belong with that blade, or that Habaki. It must be an assembled koshirae just for sale.

The second one (willows) is spectacular!

All displayed as tachi

These days, with CNC milling machines becoming less and less expensive, it would be pretty easy to carve a horimono like that dragon entirely automatically, with just some minor post machine clean-up. The hardest part isn't the carving, it's creating the 3D model... and if you have an old one to 3D scan and replicate, there's just some clean-up and translation of the scan to do. CNC machines do for carving what AI does for video - pretty soon you just won't be able to tell the difference without a microscope. But the quality of nihonto has always been in the steel production and forging anyhow, and that, so far, is beyond a computer :-).

Have to say, I like the almost steam-punk vibe of that graduation uniform, with the sword. Especially on the women.

Sure would be nice to be able to "mail it in" at that level!

And maybe just a little more on the cleaning issue. Part of making a tsuba for the artist is how they patinate it - it's a bit of an art in its own right - and the patina is part of the total piece. Yet at the same time tsuba can deteriorate over time from corrosion, crud, etc. If a tsuba has serious issues, it takes a real expert to remove (or at least reduce) the problems while preserving/matching the original patina as much as possible. Do you have any pictures of the tsuba before polishing? That might help to understand the era and school of the maker, as well as help guide what restoration might look like. As Geraint says, over time a patina will come back.

You'd probably have to learn Finnish, though - apparently one of the more difficult languages to learn!

That kozuka is rather nice!

Wow!

It's certainly possible that I am wrong. I do have experience with casting, and this and some other namban tsuba bear the hallmarks, but it is possible that it has to do with the nature of the steel used. You're quite right that you have it in hand. If I'm ever in France... :-)