Interesting: that's a brocade weave, but it looks like it then has been embroidered over the weave to achieve the raised effect and other colours. Hard to tell without closer inspection whether or not is is a jacquard or machine brocade, or a traditionally hand-woven brocade, but I'm leaning toward at least a Jacquard loom, which would make it no earlier than mid 1800's. Traditional brocade weaving is incredibly labour intensive - it can take months to set up the loom alone... and the loom is a massive thing. With the advent of the jacquard loom brocade became much more accessible. It's also hard to tell whether the embroidered element was planned from the beginning, or was an additional feature after the fact. That would depend on whether the embroidered features also exist in the underlying brocade.
The embroidery itself is not top quality, but not bad - not up to the quality of top end kimonos for instance.. This is one of the things that is making me lean toward jacquard brocade and a late Edo or Meiji date - if it was traditional handwoven brocade I would expect the embroidery to be top quality. It's also woven with a relatively heavy thread, not the extremely fine thread of top end brocade. Overall, this is a significant piece of craft, but appears aimed at a midrange market - lower hatamoto or modestly successful businessman, not daimyo, if Edo period.