Type 95 Military Sword Variations

[Kiipu]

Below is a list of the nine major variations of the Type 95 Military Sword.  These variations are based upon changes in the blade, hilt, and scabbard.  The variations are in order of appearance by supervising arsenal.  Keep in mind that some variations were manufactured concurrently, for example variations 3 & 4, while other variations are unique to certain arsenals or companies.

 

Variation #; Blade; Tsuka, Ito Pattern;    Tsuba:             Latch; Saya;                  Pattern #

Kokura Arsenal & then later by Tōkyō 1st Arsenal (1 to 160,00 Serial Number Range)

1. Fullered;      Copper,      Asymmetrical; Brass, 11mm; Top;   Metal,   Plug;    Pattern 1 (Suya).

2. Fullered;     Aluminium, Asymmetrical; Brass, 9mm;  Top;   Metal,   Drag;   Pattern 2.

3. Fullered;     Aluminium, Symmetrical;   Brass, 9mm;  Top;   Metal,   Drag;    Pattern 2.

4. Fullered;     Aluminium, Symmetrical;   Steel;              Top;   Metal,  Drag;    Pattern 3.

5. Fullered;     Aluminium, Symmetrical;   Steel;               Side; Metal,  Drag;    Pattern 4 (Seki).

6. Unfullered; Aluminium, Symmetrical;   Steel;              Top;   Metal,  Drag;    Pattern 3 (Suya).

 

Nagoya Arsenal (200,000 Serial Number Range)

4. Fullered;     Aluminium, Symmetrical;   Steel;              Top;   Metal,  Drag;    Pattern 3.

5. Fullered;     Aluminium, Symmetrical;   Steel;               Side; Metal,  Drag;    Pattern 4.

7. Fullered;     Wood;                                  Steel;               Side;  Metal,  Drag;    Pattern 5.

8. Unfullered; Wood;                                  Steel;              Side;  Metal,  Drag;    Pattern 5.

 

Jinsen Arsenal (300,000 Serial Number Range)

9. Unfullered; Wood;                                  Steel;              Side;  Wood,  Chape; Pattern 6.

[Kiipu]

Explanation of the Type 95 Patterns

Below is a link describing the eight (8) Patterns, which shows the macro variations with the sword inserted into the scabbard.

Nagoya Type 95 Ver 3 Woohoo!, Post #24

 

For an info-graphic of the Patterns, see the post below.

Questions about "late war", NCO swords, Post #37

 

Conversion Table for Dawson's Variations, Stegel's Patterns, & Kiipu's Variations

Copper Handled Type 95.            Pattern 1.  Variation 1.

Aluminum Handled Variation #1.  Pattern 2.  Variations 2 & 3.

Aluminum Handled Variation #2.  Pattern 3.  Variation 4 & 6.

Aluminum Handled Variation #3.  Pattern 4.  Variation 5.

Wood Handled Variation #1.          Pattern 5.  Variations 7 & 8.

Wood Handled Variation #2.         Pattern 6.  Variation 9.

Wood Handled Variation #3.         Pattern 7.

Wood Handled Variation #4.         Pattern 8.

 

Dawson, Jim. Swords of Imperial Japan, 1868–1945. Cyclopedia edition. Stenger-Scott Publishing, 2007.

[Bruce Pennington]

Sam & Thomas,

I cannot remember who coined the terms, but in days-of-old there was a recognition of the version 2 and 2a, the difference being the the style of seppa.  Is that something in this list?  If not, should it be?

 

Version 2 (old terms)                                                  Version 2a (old terms)

        

[Scogg]

Thank you, Thomas, that’s an excellent list and really helps illuminate some of the changes surrounding the bohi. I also like the symmetrical vs. asymmetrical terminology for the ito.
 

Bruce, I’ve noticed the differences in seppa on a few swords as well, but it’s not something I’ve formally cataloged. The main reason is that it’s rarely shown clearly in photos, and it’s such a minor variation (among so many small variations) that it didn’t feel significant enough to define a new type. I feel the same about the side-latch cutout tsuba on top-latch aluminum tsuka swords. The change is so subtle that it’s both hard to spot and hard to justify giving its own category.
 

I will need to revisit some of my wording and verbiage to make sure my efforts align with previous work. I want to be sure my work is supplemental rather than unhelpful; even if those efforts remain with me as my own references.
Thanks Thomas,
-Sam

 

 

[Scogg]

@Kiipu, I've digested your notes, and edited my list to more closely reflect yours. In addition, I adopted the wording "asymmetrical/symmetrical" and removed the "2a, 2b, 3a" because I had not realized those terms had been coined in the past for other features (Thank you @Bruce Pennington). I think the "Transition" or maybe "interim" identifier is less intrusive to preexisting pattern list. 

Let me know your thoughts.
-Sam

-Copper Tsuka Initial Pattern; plug on end of saya:
Pattern 1 = Copper handle - 11mm Brass tsuba - Asymmetrical ito - Cap but no drag on saya.

 

-Aluminum Tsuka Patterns; drag on end of saya:
* Transition Pattern 2 (Suya) =  Aluminum handle - 9mm Brass tsuba - Asymmetrical ito - punctured ito. ( TO 東 ).*
*Transition Pattern 2 (Gifu) = Aluminum handle - 9mm Brass tsuba - Asymmetrical  ito - adjusted ito around mekugi. ( NA 名 ).*
Pattern 2 = Aluminium handle - 9mm Brass tsuba - Symmetrical ito.
Pattern 3 = Aluminium handle - Steel tsuba - With/Without(Kokura) bohi - Symmetrical ito.

*Transition pattern 3 (tsuba) = Aluminum handle - Top latch steel tsuba but with side latch cutout - Symmetrical ito.*
Pattern 4 = Aluminium handle - Steel tsuba - Side latch - Symmetrical ito -  ( NA 名 ) . 

-Wooden Tsuka Patterns:
Pattern 5 = Wooden handle - Steel Tsuba - Side Latch - With/Without Bohi - Metal Saya with drag - (NA名).
Pattern 6 = Wooden handle - Steel Tsuba - Side Latch - Without Bohi - Wooden Saya with chape - ( HE ヘ , Jinsen).
*Author noted transitional patterns with asterisk*

[Kiipu]

Just a quick note that Variations 1 through 6 are in the order as they appear in the 1 to 160,000 range while Variations 7 to 9 are as they appear in the 200K & 300K range.  So they are not 100% chronological in regards to dates.  Variations 7 & 8 probably preceded Variation 6?

[Scogg]

2 hours ago, Kiipu said:

Variations 7 & 8 probably preceded Variation 6?

That stands to reason.
 

Or perhaps 7 preceded 6. While 6 and 8 were congruent for some amount of time

[Kiipu]

20 hours ago, Scogg said:

Or perhaps 7 preceded 6. While 6 and 8 were congruent for some amount of time

 

After pulling out the records, it is safe to say Variations 7 & 8 predate Variation 6.  Variation 6 only showed up on the last 1,000 Type 95s made by Suya.  Only Suya made a Variation 6.  Last month of production for Suya was March 1945 because of bomb damage.  Variation 7 would date to about May 1944 while Variation 8 would date from June/July 1944.

[Kiipu]

Below are the observed serial number ranges for some of the Variations.  Variations 2, 3, and 4, are akin to the alphabet soup.

Variation 1: 4 to 6,561 (Suya).

Variation 2: 6,787 to 26,838.  Nagoya continued this longer than Suya or Iijima.

Variation 3: 8,386 to 159,931.

Variation 4: 60,231 (first all steel construction including ferrule and mekugi) to 166,863 and Nagoya 200,395 to 201,369.

Variation 5: 131,114 to 135,001 and 201,505 to 202,222 (Seki).

Variation 6: 154,488 to 155,520 (Suya).

Variation 7: 201,750 to 202,920 (Seki).

Variation 8: 203,392 to 217,291 (Seki).

Variation 9: 300,107 to 301,911 (Jinsen).

[Kiipu]

Collecting Notes

A collector who only wants to own one Type 95 should look for either a Variation 3 or 4.  A very common sword and thus easier to find in decent shape.

 

For a collector who would like just a small sampling showing the major changes over time, a Variation 1 (copper) followed by either Variations 3 or 4 (aluminium) and lastly a Variation 8 (wood).

 

A beginning collector should focus on Patterns 1 to 6 while an intermediate collector could aim for Variations 1 to 9.

 

An advanced collector might consider marking variations, paint colors, and small changes in parts design within Patterns/Variations.  As this category is currently outside my ballpark, I would defer to what an advanced collector has to say about it.

[John C]

1 hour ago, Kiipu said:

Variations 2, 3, and 4, are akin to the alphabet soup.

So these variations were made concurrently? If made at different locations, how did the numbering work? Were there "blocks" of serial numbers given to each location to avoid repeat numbers?

 

John C.

[Kiipu]

Yes, concurrent production in the beginning.  However, at the end Tōkyō 1st was only making Variations 4 & 6.  The brass crossguard was finally dropped by Tōkyō 1st by Fiscal Year 1944.

 

Blocks of serial numbers were assigned to the different makers by the supervising arsenal.

[Conway S]

17 hours ago, Kiipu said:

 

An advanced collector might consider marking variations, paint colors, and small changes in parts design within Patterns/Variations.  As this category is currently outside my ballpark, I would defer to what an advanced collector has to say about it.

 

There’s so many small details you notice when you start to compare swords in-hand rather than by picture. I just recently noticed the slight variation in the aluminum tsuka. 

 

16 hours ago, Kiipu said:

Blocks of serial numbers were assigned to the different makers by the supervising arsenal.

 

@Kiipu Do you know when Iijima stopped producing? Would their final production have ended by fiscal year 1944 since their swords in the 160,000 range still have the brass tsuba? 

[Scogg]

@Conway S  Iijima stopped producing in March 1945, when American B29s bombed it out of commission. Their last batch switched to steel tsuba around 160075.

My latest observed iijima brass tsuba is in the 159k range on my notes.  

Big thanks to Kiipu, Bruce, and Stegel for helping so much. So many little nuances with the type 95, it can be hard to digest. But it’s very interesting stuff 
 

All the best, 
-Sam